It is extremely important to establish practical and evidence-based programs for toddlers with or at risk for ASD and their families. Therefore, we aim to test the efficacy of an innovative group-based model of intervention for Toddlers and Families Together (TAFT) to target the early core features of ASD with the overarching goal of improving maternal health and child developmental outcomes. Specific aims include: 1) examining the effects of TAFT on caregiver outcomes of stress, coping, support, and interaction style; 2) examining the effects of TAFT on children’s engagement, behavior regulation, joint attention, and play; and 3) examining caregiver and child characteristics affecting optimal treatment outcomes.

Toddlers between the ages of 16 and 36 months with or at risk for ASD (as identified with a positive screen for ASD on the ASQ:SE or M-CHAT) and their families will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio to the Toddlers and Families Together (TAFT) intervention group or a services as usual control group. The TAFT intervention content of behavior regulation, joint attention, and play will be provided to groups of 4 toddlers and their families. These intervention targets will be embedded within a context of everyday routines and activities for toddlers within eight weekly 3-hour group sessions that also include a family education segment to learn, practice, and discuss the topic strategy with one facilitator while other intervention staff members engage the toddlers in various learning activities. A series of quantitative and qualitative measures will be used to assess the efficacy of the intervention in changing family and child outcomes which include the use of standardized caregiver report measures, semi-structured interviews, caregiver diaries, caregiver implementation ratings, video-recorded caregiver-child interactions, semi-structured assessments of play and joint attention, and standardized child measures of autism and early development.