Autism & Developmental Disabilities

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teacher showing happy and sad faces to student with autism

Supporting individuals with developmental disabilities such as autism, as well as their caregivers and service providers, is central to the work of FPG. Understanding developmental trajectories and the impact of a developmental disability on the individual, family, and broader community informs both theory and practice. High-quality intervention across the age range can ensure that individuals with developmental disabilities and their families fully participate in their community in ways that are meaningful to them. FPG investigators have identified central features of high-quality intervention, such as family-focused programming, early childhood inclusion, and the use of identified evidence-based practices. They lead the field in translating scientific knowledge into practical information for teachers and service providers, and actively join their colleagues from implementation science in promoting adoption and use of effective intervention practices in schools, homes, and community settings.

Featured FPG News Story

In 2023, two members of FPG, Director Brian Boyd, PhD, and Senior Research Scientist Sam Odom, PhD, were appointed to a 15-person committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) that would conduct an independent analysis of the Department of Defense’s Comprehensive Autism Care Demonstration (ACD). The committee was charged with examining utilization of the demonstration by TRICARE beneficiaries and providing an assessment of methods used under the demonstration, particularly in relation to assessing autism domains, measuring effectiveness of ABA, and adhering to guidelines and industry standards of care.

Drawing on a careful review of the scientific literature, the NASEM committee produced a new report that evaluates the Department of Defense’s Comprehensive ACD and whether ABA should be covered as a TRICARE Basic benefit. 

Featured Person

2025 Abecedarian Award goes to FPG Technical Assistance Specialist Jessica Amsbary, PhD, who was instrumental in the development of the Autism Focused Intervention Resources and Modules (AFIRM) for Toddlers, a groundbreaking online resource designed to support early intervention providers, early childhood educators, and caregivers that is used by more than 450,000 individuals worldwide.

In a letter of support, Ann Sam, PhD, who led the development of the original AFIRM modules, shared that Amsbary is an exceptional collaborator, saying she is compassionate, driven, and deeply committed to improving the lives of children and families. “She leads with humility and purpose, always centering the voices of practitioners and families in her work. Her passion is contagious, and her colleagues often remark on her ability to bring people together around a shared vision for equitable, evidence-based early intervention.”

Current Projects

The dual increases in the prevalence of students with autism needing special education services and the number of paraeducators providing instruction in special education had created a need for preparing paraeducators to use evidence-based practices (EBPs) with autistic students in educational settings. The AFIRM for Paraeducators (AFP) program is a professional development program for paraeducators to be delivered by special education teachers in authentic educational settings. The purpose of this project is to examine the promise of the AFP program, through a pilot randomized control trial (RCT), for increasing paraeducators use of EBP with high fidelity of implementation and resultant goal attainment by autistic students receiving instruction.
Communication is fundamental to quality of life, social connection, and long-term outcomes. It encompasses the broad exchange of information through various means, including speech, gestures, facial expressions, and body language, while language is a structured system of symbols used as one specific way to communicate. Although language impairment is no longer a diagnostic criterion for autism, communication difficulties remain central to diagnosis. Parents often identify communication and language delays as an early concern, and nearly all early interventions focus on addressing these delays alongside the behavioral challenges that arise from communication difficulties. This project aims to generate meaningful, high-impact research that improves real-world outcomes and bring about increased knowledge and interest in research and care of autistic individuals and their communication needs through mentoring new generations.
According to the U.S. Department of Education (2018), among students ages 3 through 21 served in special education, less than one-fifth are Black/African American (17.7 percent), but Black/African American students with disabilities account for more than one third (36.6 percent) of individuals who experienced disciplinary removal. Ethnic-racial socialization (ERS) practices have been found to mitigate the effects of such discrimination on children’s development. Yet, little is known about what these practices may look like for Black children with disabilities as ERS practices have typically been studied among typically developing, able-bodied children. This mixed-methods study aims to explore: 1) What types of ERS practices, and how frequent, do Black/African American parents/caregivers engage in with their children? 2) What is the relation between parents/caregivers’ ERS practices and children’s academic engagement, school disciplinary, and mental health outcomes? 3) What are the purposes and goals of Black/African American parents/caregivers engaging in ERS practices among their children with disabilities? and 4) What are some challenges that arise for Black parents/caregivers who communicate ERS practices to their children with disabilities?
Spoken language is predictive of many positive life outcomes, such as employment, social interaction, play skills and more. But, researchers still don’t know why some children talk and others don’t, especially as it relates to historically marginalized and minoritized populations. A new study, EMERGE: Early Markers of Expressive and Receptive Language Growth in Ethnically Diverse Autistic Toddlers, seeks to change that.
This project is grounded in a science education partnership between Kidzu Children’s Museum and FPG’s STEM Innovation for Inclusion in Early Education Center (STEMIE). The project will include sharing resources and spaces to develop and implement playgroups for pre-K children with a variety of abilities and their caregivers with specific STEM related goals and activities through the sequence of playgroups.
The rapid increase in the presence of autistic students in U.S. education systems has placed a great demand for education services, and federal law states that such services and instruction must be based on evidence-based practices (EBPs). Teachers, however, report that they lack the information and preparation for using EBPs and instruction for autistic students in their classrooms. Given technological advances in recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise for supporting teachers’ use of EBPs to design and deliver personalized programs for autistic students based on their individual abilities and needs. The purpose of this project is to develop an AI-assisted application (called the IEP2EBP) that teachers will use to select the most efficacious autism intervention practices, link the most effective practices to students’ individual learning goals, access resources for applying the practices, and assessing student outcomes.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate two group-based treatments: (1) the Program for Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills (PEERS), which targets social skills, and (2) Unstuck and On Target (UOT), which targets executive function skills. The interventions are two 45-minute sessions per week across 16 weeks and will be implemented by school-based staff in middle schools in North Carolina and Southern California (San Diego area).
Persistent, and quite pervasive, racial disparities have been found between Black, autistic children and their white, autistic peers. These disparities range from notable inequities in the timeliness of diagnosis to receipt of substandard services to their under-representation in research studies. While key disparities have been documented, there is a need for increased attention on potential underlying drivers of these disparities that are rooted in the Black experience. We know from existing research on Black health and wellness that racism is linked to some poorer physical and mental health outcomes. This project will examine the impact of racism and resulting racial trauma on the mental health outcomes of Black parents of autistic children (ages 3 -9) as well as the downstream consequences that parental racial trauma has on child behavior and development.